E. Yu. Toropova1,2, M. P. Selyuk1, C. N. Posadzennikiov3
1Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, ul. Dobrolyubova, 160, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation
2All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
3ZAO «Kolybelskoe», ul. Sadovaya, 1, s. Kolybel’ka, Krasnozerskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 632912, Russian Federation
Abstract. The authors assessed the effect of crops on the population of groups of saprotroph soil microorganisms and soil suppression against the causative agents of root rot of spring wheat in the south forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region. The study was carried out in 2011–2016 on the leached and ordinary solonetzic black soil. The microorganisms were calculated before the sowing of spring wheat by the soil dilution method; the root rot was accounted differentially for all organs; the soil suppression was determined by the inhibition of phytopathogen growth. The population of soil microorganisms decreased with repeated and permanent spring wheat cultivation. Pea, rape and melilot increased the number of bacteria consuming organic nitrogen in comparison with the repeated (after melilot – from 3.0–13.4 CFU/g to 13.7–26.3 CFU/g; after rape – from 5.9 to 32.4 CFU/g soil) and permanent wheat cultivation (after pea – from 13.2 to 33.6 CFU/g soil). Fungi population changed in a similar way. The expansion of spring wheat root rot was 1.5–4.0 times higher than the economic threshold of harmfulness (15% for the research area). The biological efficiency of pea in plant improvement was 37.5%, of rape –44.2%, of biennial melilot – 43%. It was determined reliable negative correlations between root rot development and population of soil micromycetes (r = -0.810 ± 0.414), cellulolytic micromycetes (r = -0.683 ± 0.516), bacteria consuming organic nitrogen (r = -0.843 ± 0.379) and bacteria consuming mineral nitrogen (r = -0.646 ± 0.539). The soil suppression after spring wheat against Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium sporotrichioides was on average 44.4%, after melilot it increased by 21.1% (up to 61.6%) and 21.7% (up to 60.0%), respectively; after rape it grew by 33.5% (up to 79.2%) and by 22.1% (up to 75.3%), respectively, in comparison with the repeated cultivation of wheat.
Keywords: pea; rape; melilot; spring wheat; soil; micromycetes; bacteria; saprotroph microorganisms; root rot; suppression.
Author Details: E. Yu. Toropova, D. Sc. (Biol.), prof., head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M. P. Selyuk, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), research fellow; C. N. Posadzennikiov, deputy general director.
For citation: Toropova E. Yu., Selyuk M. P., Posadzennikiov C. N. Influence of Cultivated Plants on Saprotroph Microorganisms and Soil Suppression. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 7. Pp. 17–20 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10704.