V. V. Novokhatin
Research Agricultural Institute of the Northern Trans-Urals – the branch of the Federal Research Center of Tyumen’ Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Burlaki, 2, pos. Moskovskii, Tyumenskii r-n, Tyumenskaya obl., 625501, Russian Federation
Abstract. Variety is one of the main elements of crop production, and accelerated distribution of breeding achievements is possible only through an established system of seed production. Modern agricultural technologies make it possible to use breeding reserves to increase yields of cereals. The yield is an integrated indicator of quantitative characteristics, the manifestation of which is largely conditioned by limiting factors. In industry, seed crops are infested with weeds, varietal and species impurities, are affected by diseases and pests. Due to the mutating effect of disinfectants and herbicides, atypical morphotypes accumulate in populations of varieties, which pollute the structural composition of the variety populations, which leads to a change in the interaction of the genotype with the environment and then causes a decrease in its productivity. All these problems are solved by well-established elite and, especially, primary (original) seed production, which ensures the preservation of genetic and yielding properties of the variety. Maintaining the original seed production provides an evolutionary-analog approach aimed at preserving the conjugate genetic inheritance of polygenic characteristics of the variety. An important factor in the primary links of seed production is selection: mass selection, individual-family selection, controlled reseeding, and method of genetic markers (electrophoresis). By the example of Tyumen region, where grain and leguminous cultures occupy more than 750,000 hectares and the fourth reproduction of seeds is considered as a mass one, the organizational aspects of the management of original and elite seed production are shown.
Keywords: variety; seeds; nursery; reproduction; selection; population; biotype; yield; germination energy; germination capacity; varietal purity.
Author Details: V. V. Novokhatin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Novokhatin V. V. Scientific Substantiation of Primary and Elite Seed-Growing of Cereals. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 9. Pp. 40–47 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10910.