V. P. Krivoruchko, Yu. N. Gorbunov, V. A. Kryuchkova
Tsytsyn Main Botanic Garden of the RAS, ul. Botanicheskaya, 4, Moskva, 127276, Russian Federation
Abstract. Varieties and wild species of apple tree have been studied comparatively since the 1950s in N.V. Tsytsyn Main Botanic Garden of the RAS. The collection of apple trees is located in the northeastern part of the Garden, on the gentle southern slope of the left bank of the river of Likhoborka. The soil under the garden is represented by cultivated alluvial anisomerous sand and sandy loam. One of the most important ways of replenishment of the relatively poor assortment of apple trees in the middle gardening area is the introduction of varieties and perspective forms from other areas and foreign countries. The main factors, limiting the distribution of high-quality apple varieties in the Non Black Soil Zone of Russia, are low negative temperatures in winter and injury by various diseases, first of all, by scab. During a long-term introduction experiment on the study of more than 300 varieties of apple tree, 55 frost-resistant cultivars and 33 cultivars, resistant to scab, were selected. On the basis of the research, 18 varieties were identified, which were characterized by high frost resistance and resistance to scab. They are perspective for cultivation in the central part of Russia. The results of the long-term comparative study on the introduction of more than one hundred elite hybrid forms of apple tree, obtained from E.Z. Gareev Botanic Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, made it possible to select 10 forms, the most promising for the cultivation in the central part of Russia. These forms were characterized by high winter hardiness (0–1 point), yield (50–70 kg per tree in 2–3 years after the beginning of fruiting) and high fruit quality (tasting score was 4–5 points). These forms are candidates for the registration of new apple varieties.
Keywords: apple tree; breeding; introduction; new varieties; frost resistance; resistance to scab.
Author Details: V. P. Krivoruchko, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; Yu. N. Gorbunov, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. A. Kryuchkova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory.
For citation: Krivoruchko V. P., Gorbunov Yu. N., Kryuchkova V. A. Introduction and Breeding of Apple Tree in N.V. Tsytsyn Main Botanic Garden. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 9. Pp. 48–51 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10911.