P. A. Postnikov
Ural Agricultural Research Institute – the branch of the Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Ural branch of the RAS, ul. Glavnaya, 21, pos. Istok, Ekaterinburg, 620061, Russian Federation
Abstract. Deficiency of vegetative protein in agricultural production can be overcome by grain legumes cultivation; in this way, the pea culture is especially perspective. The main disadvantage of pea is its strong susceptibility to unfavourable factors of a vegetation period. The influence of meteorological conditions and fertilizer systems on pea productivity in crop rotations was studied in Ural Research Agricultural Institute in 2011–2017 on dark gray forest soil. The investigation was carried out in five-field crop rotations against three nutritional backgrounds: a control (without fertilizers), mineral background, and organic-mineral background. Dry weather conditions were in 2012 and 2016, excessively wet conditions were in 2014–2015; other years were moderately moist. For the Middle Urals, air drought is more typical, when the excess of the average daily temperature over the norm in the summer period is 2.3–4.1 Celsius degrees, whereas the shortage of precipitation during the growing season does not exceed 25% of the average annual norm. Under favourable moisture conditions (the hydrothermal coefficient was 1.41), the highest seed yield of pea was obtained in a grain-fallow-green manure crop rotation against mineral and organic-mineral backgrounds of nutrition: 2.75–2.84 t/ha. Under dry conditions, it was revealed a strong negative correlation between yield and the hydrothermal coefficient in the control. The application of fertilizers, especially mineral, smoothed the negative effect of drought; the correlation coefficient varied from -0.68 (June) to 0.19 (August). On average the highest yield of pea against fertilized backgrounds was 2.37–2.42 t/ha in the grain-fallow-green manure crop rotation; in a grain-grasses crop rotation (40% of legumes) it was lower by 0.14 t/ha. The recoupment of 1 kg of active ingredient of fertilizers against the mineral nutrition background was 6.8–7.0 kg; in the case of combined application of mineral and organic fertilizers the recoupment decreased by 1.3–1.6 kg of grain.
Keywords: dark gray soil; crop rotation; nutrition background; pea; hydrothermal coefficient; correlation; productivity.
Author Details: P. A. Postnikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Postnikov P. A. Meteorological Conditions and Pea Productivity in Crop Rotations. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 10. Pp. 57–60 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11013.