L. P. Galeeva, P. S. Shirokikh
Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, ul. Dobrolyubova, 160, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation
Abstract. The influence of long-term moldboard processing, bare fallow in a grain-fallow crop rotation and no-till technology in a grain-legume crop rotation on general physical and agrochemical properties of leached medium-thick medium-loamy chernozem was determined. Long-term moldboard treatment caused slight compaction of an arable layer of the soil, but it retained a good structure (structural coefficient was 0.8) and earlier achieved physical ripeness. At the same time, the humus content in it was less by 0.5%, compared with virgin soil, the provision of plants with nitrate nitrogen was low and medium, the supply of phosphorus was increased, and consequently, nitrogen fertilizers should be applied. No-till technology in the cultivation of wheat kept the density of the soil at the level of bare fallow (1.13 g/cm3) and formed well structure (structural coefficient was 1.7), determined the highest water stability of mesoaggregates, high buffer capacity of chernozem. The humus content was higher by 0.7% than in the moldboard treatment, however, the state of physical ripeness of the soil occurred later. The supply of nitrate nitrogen was low, the provision with mobile phosphorus was increased. In the bare fallow field of the crop rotation: fallow, wheat, wheat, oat, values of density, structure, water resistance and the onset of physical ripeness of the soil did not differ from ploughing; there was a noticeable decrease in humus, the provision with nitrate nitrogen was very high, the supply of mobile phosphorus was increased. The most favourable conditions for the mobilization of soil phosphorus were at moldboard treatment and in bare fallow. Soil quality increased in the row of treatments: no-till, bare fallow, moldboard treatment; and buffer capacity in relation to phosphorus decreased in the reverse order.
Keywords: leached chernozem; northern forest-steppe of Ob region; methods of treatment; general physical properties; aggregate composition; water-hardness of aggregates; moisture of structure formation; humus; nitrate nitrogen; easily available and mobile phosphorus; phosphate buffer ability; exchange potassium.
Author Details: L. P. Galeeva, D. Sc. (Agr.), Professor (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); P. S. Shirokikh, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), associate Professor.
For citation: Galeeva L. P., Shirokikh P. S. Properties of Leached Chernozem in Novosibirsk Ob Region under Different Treatments. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 11. Pp. 9–13. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11102.