S. V. Usenko, V. I. Usenko
Federal Altai scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Nauchnyi gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russian Federation
Abstract. The investigation was carried out in 2011–2018 on leached chernozem of the forest-steppe of Altai Ob region in a crop rotation: fallow, wheat, oat, wheat, pea, wheat. It was studied three factors: a tillage method (factor A), fertilizer application (factor B), pesticide application (factor C). Factor A included deep (25–27 cm) subsurface treatment, shallow (14–16 cm) subsurface treatment, the variant without cultivation. Factor B included the variant without fertilizers, application of P25, application of P50. Factor C included the variant without pesticide application; pesticides against dicotyledons; pesticides against dicotyledons, graminicides; herbicides, insecticides, fungicides. The purpose of the research was to study the response of pea to moistening, soil tillage methods, fertilizers and pesticides for improving the technology of its cultivation. Tillage method had a little effect on the moisture reserves in the soil, but it increased the content of nitrate nitrogen 2.0–4.2 times, reduced weed infestation of crops 2.0–3.0 times relative to the uncultivated background. The productivity of pea changed from 0.79 to 2.49 t/ha over years, it strongly depended on the amount of precipitation in the first half of vegetation (r = 0.84–0.98). Against the background of deep and shallow tillage, it was the same (1.34 t/ha and 1.29 t/ha), and the productivity decreased by 0.27–0.32 t/ha (20.1–23.9%) in the untreated variant. The efficiency of tillage strongly negatively correlated with the precipitation amount in the first half of the vegetation season (r was from -0.73 to -0.91). The efficiency of tillage negatively correlated in an average degree with the amount of precipitation during the previous autumn (r was -0.57). The application of P25 during sowing increased the yield of pea by 0.10–0.22 t/ha (7.8–16.7%) with a payback by grain of 4.0–8.8 kg per 1 kg of active substances. Increase in a phosphorus dose was ineffective. Application of pesticides against dicotyledons; pesticides against dicotyledons and graminicides; a complex of protection means provided an increase in pea productivity by 0.09–0.22 t/ha (5.8–21.6%), 0.17–0.39 t/ha (12.2–32.4%), 0.32–0.60 t/ha (20.5–49.0%), respectively. The efficiency of pesticides negatively correlated with precipitation in the first half of the vegetation season (r was from -0.35 to -0.53) and positively correlated with precipitation in the second half (r = 0.33–0.54).
Keywords: pea (Pisum sativum L.); soil tillage methods; no-till; fertilizers; plant protection means; productivity; moisture conditions.
Author Details: S. V. Usenko, Cand. Sc (Agr.), leading researcher fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. I. Usenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief researcher fellow.
For citation: Usenko S. V., Usenko V. I. Response of Pea on Moistening, Soil Tillage Methods, Mineral Fertilizers, and Plant Protection Means. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 11. Pp. 14–17. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11103.