G. V. Volkova, O. A. Kudinova, O. O. Miroshnichenko
All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Krasnodar, p/o 39, 350039, Russian Federation
Abstract. On the territory of Russia, stem rust occurs annually in the main grain-producing regions: the North Caucasus, Western Siberia, the Volga region. Given the proximity of the North Caucasus region to the Middle East and Transcaucasia, the Ugandan (Ug 99) race TTKSK poses the greatest danger to the region. Therefore, annual measures to monitor the spread and forecast of stem rust in the North Caucasus region are particularly relevant to prevent possible epiphytoty. The purpose of this work was to describe the distribution of Puccinia graminis on production and breeding crops of winter wheat in the North Caucasus region of Russia, as well as to characterize the stability of promising cultivars of winter wheat to the local population of the stem rust agent. In 2016–2018, the monitoring of wheat crops in five agro-climatic zones of the North Caucasus was carried out; the spread and degree of development of the disease were revealed; the resistance of 11 promising varieties of wheat to P. graminis was studied under conditions of an artificial infectious background. Resistance criteria were the type of reaction of plants in points and the degree of damage in percent. Inoculation of plants, accounting of the type of reaction, the degree of development and crop loss calculation were carried out by standard methods. It was established that in the region the disease manifests itself locally and is annually registered in Kirov district of Stavropol Krai with a maximum development of 30%. The results of the immunological evaluation revealed that Stan cultivar showed a stable resistant, the loss of its yield did not exceed 4.5%. Adele, Antonina, Urup cultivars were moderately resistant (their yield losses were 11.2–12.3%). Other varieties were susceptible to the pathogen to varying degrees; their yield losses were 11.7–23.1%. Varieties, resistant to P. graminis under conditions of the artificial infectious background and maintaining their yield, are recommended for cultivation in areas of permanent manifestation of the pathogen and for the inclusion in breeding programs as the sources of resistance.
Keywords: winter wheat; stem rust; Puccinia graminis; distribution; disease development; varieties; resistance.
Author Details: G. V. Volkova, D. Sc. (boil.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. A. Kudinova, research fellow; O. O. Miroshnichenko, junior research fellow.
For citation: Volkova G. V., Kudinova O. A., Miroshnichenko O. O. Spread of Stem Rust in the North Caucasus and Immunological Characteristic of Some Winter Wheat Varieties with Respect to the Pathogen. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 11. Pp. 43–45(in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11111.