T. V. Zharekhina
Tatarian Agricultural Research Institute – autonomous structural subdivision of the Federal Research Center of the Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS ul. Orenburgskii trakt, 48, Kazan’, 420059, Russian Federation
Abstract. Russian scientists examined a large number of higher plants to find phytoncide substances. The efforts of researchers should be aimed at reducing the pesticide load, the search for safe natural means of plants protection from diseases. In a laboratory experiment seeds of spring wheat were treated with phytoncide substances of higher plants. The influence of these substances on the germinating capacity of seeds, the degree of infection (Alternaria blight, Helminthosporium blight, Fusarium blight, seed mold deteriorate, Helminthosporium and Fusarium infection) and growing processes was determined. The experiments were carried out in the Department of agrobiological investigations of Tatarstan Agricultural Research Institute. The object of the research was spring wheat seeds of Idelle variety, grown in 2017. The aim of the work was to study the effect of treatment with various phytoncide substances of higher plants on germination of spring wheat seeds and the degree of development of seedling diseases. Phytosanitary examination of seeds was conducted by a biological method in rolls of filter paper in accordance with GOST 12044-93. It was studied the following options: distilled water (control), aqueous infusion of onion, aqueous infusion of garlic, aqueous infusion of burdock roots, aqueous infusion of aspen bark, emulsion of essential oil of manuka. The replication was four-fold; 100 seeds in each replication. A positive effect of aqueous infusions of onion, aspen bark and manuka emulsion on the germination of spring wheat seeds was noted (the increase was up to 5% depending on the option). Variants of seed treatment with infusions of onion, burdock roots, aspen bark, manuka emulsion inhibited the development of a complex of Helminthosporium and Fusarium infections (the reduction was to 2.1 times with respect to the control). The substances of the studied medicinal plants not only showed phytoncide properties but also stimulated the growth of spring wheat seedlings in all variants (from 8.0 to 25.4%).
Keywords: spring wheat; phytoncides; germination capacity; disease; treatment.
Author Details: T.V. Zharekhina, researcher (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Zharekhina Т. V. Phytoncide Substances of Higher Plants in the Disease Control of Grain Crops. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 11. Pp. 46–48 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11112.