L. M. Kozlova
Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of North-East, ul. Lenina, 166a, Kirov, 610007, Russian Federation
Abstract. Data of a long stationary experiment on the productivity of crop rotations and balance of nutrients at different levels of chemical and biological intensification of crop farming were analyzed. At a high proportion of cereal crops (83.5%) and an increase in chemical load in crop rotations, the productivity of cereals could decrease because of worsening of an infectious background. On average over crop rotations, productivity was within 4,730–5,050 feed units per hectare, and it increased at the expense of barley – the most productive crop. In grain crop rotations without legumes, a negative balance on nitrogen and potassium formed. Potassium deficit increased in crop rotations with the inclusion of two fields of clover because clover takes away up to 150 kg/ha of this element. A grain-row crop rotation with the application of N90P90K90 and 15 t/ha of manure exceeded grain-grass crop rotations with different doses of fertilizers in productivity (5,690 feed unit/ha) by 20.5, 21.8 and 42.6%. Calculation of nutrient balance showed that these dozes of fertilizers were not profitable because in such crop rotation but with the application of N30P30K30 with a green manure crop, positive balance of nitrogen and potassium was lower only by 35.4% and 22.5%. A grain-grass crop rotation with 50% of legumes and application of N30P30K30 and 5 t/ha of manure did not yield in productivity to an analogous crop rotation with double doses of fertilizers. But in this crop rotation, the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was negative. Application of N60Р60К30 and 10 t/ha of organic fertilizers did not contribute to a corresponding increase in productivity but ensured a positive balance of nutrition elements. The productivity of crop rotations with seeded and green manure fallows was higher by 15.8–35.6% than in crop rotations with bare fallow. Application of N30P30K30 in crop rotations ensured a positive balance of the elements at the expense of inclusion of legumes and green manure crops into a crop rotation structure.
Keywords: productivity of crops; crop rotation productivity; balance of nutrients; mineral and organic fertilizers; fertility.
Author Details: L. M. Kozlova, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Kozlova L. M. Productivity and Balance of Main Nutrients in Crop Rotations at Different Levels of Intensification. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 1. Pp. 6–9 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10102.