E. N. Tkachev, E. M. Tsukanova
I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393764, Russian Federation
Abstract. Global climate change observed in recent decades, increasingly complicate the production of agricultural products. The destabilization of weather conditions in the middle zone of horticulture of the Russian Federation is reflected in the increasing influence of a complex of negative factors on fruit plants. The water-temperature regime should be attributed to the most significant climatic indicators for agricultural plants. Long-term year-round monitoring of changes in physiological, biochemical, histological and cytological indicators of varieties of fruit plants allowed us to systematize the main weather stressors and the possible reaction to them. The purpose of the study was to find ways to diagnose the condition of fruit plants. The investigations were carried out on the territory of the city of Michurinsk, Tambov region in 2012–2017. The main objects of the research were apple trees ‘Zhigulevskoe’, ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ and ‘Lobo’ on the rootstock 54-118, growing in intensive plantings of I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center and industrial apple orchards of FSUE “Michurinskoe”. In the course of the research, individual physiological parameters were identified, most informatively reflecting the responses of apple plants to a complex of abiotic stress factors. The impact of stressors of the growing season of 2017 provoked a decrease in leaf photosynthetic activity to 0.44–0.52 rel. units, 3 times the fall (compared with the optimum) of the photosynthesis intensity of leaves (below 4 micromol*m2/s) and a twofold (compared to the optimum) decrease in the stomatal conductance of the leaves. These indicators were proposed to be used for contact and contactless monitoring of the evaluation of apple tree reactions to abiotic stressors of the vegetation period under field conditions.
Keywords: apple tree (Malus x domestica Borkh.); diagnostics; photosynthesis; plant resistance.
Author Details: E. N. Tkachev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. M. Tsukanova, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Tkachev E. N., Tsukanova E. M. Methods for Monitoring the Effects of Abiotic Stressors in Apple Tree Plantings. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 2. Pp. 17–21 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10205.