Z. E. Ozherel’eva, N. G. Krasova, A. M. Galasheva
All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, pos. Zhilina, Orlovskii r-n, Orlovskaya obl., 302530, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of physiology of fruit plants resistance of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in 2014–2016. The experiment was founded in 2011; a planting scheme was 5 m x 2 m. The shape of the crown was fusiform. Aisles and belts near trunks were contained under bare fallow. The soil of the test plot was dark grey forest. We studied cultivar-rootstock combinations of apple tree to determine physiological parameters of the water regime of them in connection with their drought resistance. The greatest level of water content in leaves of the cultivar-rootstock combinations of apple tree was noticed at the beginning of vegetation. The average level of water content in leaves (from 64.2% to 66.4%) was during the period of intensive growth of shoots, ovary and fruit formation (June – August). There was no significant difference between apple cultivars in the level of water content. Rootstocks did not influence the level of water content. We used the method of leaf dehydration to detect the effect of drought on the water content of apple cultivars under laboratory conditions. The least water loss was registered in apple leaves in May and June; the greatest loss was noted in July and August. During the vegetation, the least water loss (from 18.0% to 21.8%) after dehydration was registered in ‘Yablochny Spas’. This cultivar lost more water (21.8%) on the own-rooted rootstock 62-396. ‘Orlinka’ also lost more water (26.6%) on the 62-396 own-rooted rootstock. The reliable influence of cultivar’s features on the level of water loss after drought at p = 0.05 was determined. During the vegetation over the years of the study, the cultivar-rootstock combinations of apple tree had a high ability to restore the water content of leaves (from 112.5% to 127.4%). There was a significant difference between varieties on the ability to restore the water content in leaves at р = 0.05. As a result of the study of the physiological parameters of the water regime, we identified cultivar-rootstock combinations of ‘Yablochny Spas’ with the greatest potential of drought resistance.
Keywords: apple tree; cultivar; diploid; triploid; dwarf rootstock; insertion; drought resistance.
Author Details: Z. E. Ozherel’eva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. G. Krasova, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; A. M. Galasheva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Ozherel’eva Z. E., Krasova N. G., Galasheva A. M. Investigation of Drought Tolerance of Summer Apple Tree Cultivars. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 2. Pp. 31–33 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10208.