Modern Directions of Plant Breeding of Several Floral Varieties

M. A. Sokolova¹, O. B. Kuzichev¹, S. V. Goncharova¹, G. M. Pugacheva^2
1I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393764, Russian Federation
²Michurinsk State Agrarian University, ul. Internatsional’naya, 101, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393760, Russian Federation

Abstract. The purpose of the research was an improvement of assortment of floral crops. 260 varieties of lilies, 200 strains of gladiolus, and 97 varieties of annual asters of native and foreign breeding served as the objects of the research. The examinations of decorative and economically valuable signs of strains of floral crops were prosecuted at the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center in 2013-2018 according to the common methodology. The area of floral crops’ plantations occupied 0.3 ha, the common area was 1 ha. The soil of test plot was a thick deep-saturated loamy chernozem. The height of varieties of lilies plants ranged from 85 cm to 132.6 cm, the height of gladioluses’ strains ranged from 131.3 cm to 143.7 cm and of the annual asters’ from 44.5 cm to 67.5 cm. The diameter of the varieties of lilies blossoms ranged from 7.5 cm to 16 cm, the diameter of gladioluses’ strains ranged from 11.8 cm to 12.5 cm, and of the annual asters’ from 9 cm to 11 cm. The breeding coefficient of varieties of Asiatic lilies planted by bulbs was at the level of 2-3 pcs/plant, by bulbils was at the level of 7-48 pcs/plant. The propagation coefficient of the varieties of Trumpet lilies planted by bulbs was 1.1-2.1 pcs/plant and of the gladioluses was 16.3-33.7 pcs/plant. Seed productivity of annual asters ranged from 0.8 g/plant to 2.5 g/plant. The longest blossom period had annual asters’ varieties- from 43 days to 55 days. The lilies’ varieties bloomed for 11 days to13 days and the gladioluses blossomed from 9 to 12 days. We selected the sources of high levels of primary features of floral crops which are valuable for further breeding in order to improve decorative (colour, blossom’s and inflorescence’s shape) and economic and biological signs (the period of blossom, large number of blossoms at the inflorescence, resistance to diseases, high coefficient of micropropagation, high seed productivity) and invention of new varieties..

Keywords: variety, breeding, hybrids of Asiatic lilies, hybrids of Trumpet lilies, gladiolus, annual aster.

Author Details: Sokolova M. A., Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Kuzichev O. B., Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; Goncharova S. V., junior research fellow; Pugacheva G. M., Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory.

For citation: Sokolova M. A., Kuzichev O. B., Goncharova S. V., Pugacheva G. M. Modern Directions of Plant Breeding of Several Floral Varieties. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 2. Pp. 34–38 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10209.