М. А. Popov, A. A. Novotortsev, R. E. Bogdanov, A. V. Kruzhkov
I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393774, Russian Federation
Abstract. On the basis of laboratory freezing at -38 Celsius degrees in the middle of wintering, winter-hardy varieties of cherry ‘Apukhtinskaya’, ‘Akvarel’, ‘Vechernyaya Zarya’, ‘Turgenevka’, ‘Lebedyanskaya’, ‘Zhukovskaya’, ‘Molodezhnaya’, ‘Orbita’, and plum variety ‘Nochka’ were selected, in which the degree of freezing of wood and vegetative buds did not exceed 2 points. Under field conditions, cherry varieties, characterized by complex resistance to Coccomyces and monilia (‘Akvarel’, ‘Vechernyaya Zarya’, ‘Lebedyanskaya’, and ‘Orbita’), as well as plum varieties resistant to Coryneum blight (‘Nochka’) and monilia (‘Svetlyachok’), in which the development of the diseases did not exceed 2 points. As a result of the study of variety samples by productivity and commodity-consumer qualities of fruits, high-yield (more than 9 t/ha), large-fruited (average fruit weight more than 5 g) cherry varieties, characterized by good fruit taste (tasting score above 4.3 points), were selected: ‘Vechernyaya Zarya’, ‘Lebedyanskaya’, and ‘Orbita’. Among the studied forms of plum, ‘Svetlyachok’ was characterized by high yield (more than 12 t/ha) and large fruits (average fruit weight more than 30 g). The large size, dessert taste of fruits (tasting score of 4.5 points) and productivity at the control level were characteristic for ‘Nochka’ variety. Cherry and plum fruit production technologies were developed and improved. Compared to traditional technologies, they provide more regular fruiting of plantations (8–9 profitable yields over 10 years), as well as improving the quality of fruits and productivity. The average yield of such plantations of cherry is 10 t/ha, the productivity of plum plantations is 12 t/ha. The recoupment of investment is 4–5 years.
Keywords: cherry (Prunus сerasus Mill.); plum (Prunus domestica L.); rootstock; assortment; technologies; abiotic and biotic stressors; productivity; commodity and consumer qualities of fruits; crown shape; planting scheme.
Author Details: М. А. Popov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. A. Novotortsev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; R. E. Bogdanov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; A. V. Kruzhkov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Popov М. А., Novotortsev A. A., Bogdanov R. E., Kruzhkov A. V. Improvement of the Assortment and Cultivation Technologies of Cherry and Plum in Central Russia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 2. Pp. 39–44 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10210.