Z. I. Usanova, P. I. Migulev
Tver State Agricultural Academy, ul. Marshala Vasilevskogo (Sakharovo), 7, Tver`, 170904, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the agroclimatic conditions of maize cultivation in the Upper Volga region and to justify the possibility of obtaining programmed yields of different categories when cultivating early ripe hybrids on specially created backgrounds of mineral nutrition. Two-factor field experiment was carried out in 2016–2018 in the Tver region in the farm crop rotation on well-cultivated sod-medium-podzolic light loamy soil. The experiment design included the following options: mineral nutrition backgrounds (factor A) in terms of obtaining programmed yield levels (green mass with cobs in the milky-wax and waxy ripeness of grain) – the potential level (PL) of the yield after the arrival of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with the efficiency of 2.0% (manure, 70 t/ha + N14K17); 2.5% (manure, 80 t/ha + N79K59); 3.0% (manure, 120 t/ha + N52K22); 3.5% (manure, 150 t/ha + N61K12), as well as climatically provided yields under the terms of moisture (manure, 120 t/ha + N23) and thermal resources (manure, 70 t/ha); corn hybrids (factor B): Kaskad 195 SV, FAO 190; Anzhela, FAO 170; LG 30189, FAO 180; Voronezhsky 160 SV, FAO 160; Rodnik 180 SV, FAO 180. Anzhela and LG 30189 hybrids ensure the implementation of PAR with an efficiency of 3.0–3.5% and formed the yield at the programmable level (88.8 t/ha): 78.7–93.2 t/ha of green mass and 21.06–24.45 t/ha of absolutely dry biomass. Their high productivity was due to the creation of a powerful plants protection products (PPP) – 3.5 –4.7 million m2 x day/ha and a PPF of 4.83...6.22 g/m2 x day/ha. Other hybrids formed yield with PAR efficiency on average of 2.11%. It was recommended to create the optimal background of mineral nutrition by introducing high doses of cattle litter manure with compensation for the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) in fertilizer using mineral fertilizers.
Keywords: corn; hybrids; yield programming; green mass with cobs in milky wax and wax ripeness of grain; absolutely dry biomass collection; PAR efficiency.
Author Details: Z. I. Usanova, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); P. I. Migulev, acting rector (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Usanova Z. I., Migulev P. I. The Productivity of Corn Hybrids When Programming Yield in Conditions of the Upper Volga Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 3. Pp. 29–32 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10307.