N. E. Savchenko, T. A. Aseeva
Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, pos. Vostochnyi-1, Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research was conducted to study the interconnection between hydrothermal mode, development and distribution of a range of spring wheat pathogens characteristic for agro-ecological conditions of the Khabarovsk Kray, as well as the interconnection between hydrothermal mode and the immune response of the cultivated plants. The experiment was conducted against natural infection background in 2011–2015 on the elite crops of spring wheat of Khabarovchanka variety. The soils of the experimental area were meadow-brown podzolized-gley heavy loamy. The degree of the affection of cereals by root rot was registered in the stem elongation and milky ripeness stages. The degree of the affection of cereals by spot disease was registered in the earing and milky ripeness stages. The degree of the affection of cereals by Fusarium head blight was registered during the earing – milky ripeness period. The phytopathological studies were aimed at defining the degree of plants affection (R) and the degree of the disease distribution in crops (P). Agro-climatic conditions in the years of the research quite fully reflected the specifics of the region, widely varying both in the heat provision, and the amount of precipitation. The weather conditions in the Middle Amur region during the period between germination and tillering were optimal for the development of Fusarium head blight. Precipitation and increased surface air temperature also contributed to the development of the disease. The conditions unfavourable for the development of spot disease were formed during the flowering – ripening periods (the coefficient of correlation between the amount of precipitation over the period and the degree of plants affection by spot disease (r) was -0.851), which is associated with prolonged heavy rains during this period and high temperatures (the coefficient of correlation between the sum of temperatures during the growing season and the affection degree (r) was -0.809). For the pathogen, these values cannot be considered optimal. The high incidence of root rot was caused by precipitation during the period between tillering and flowering (r = 0.610). It was found that the biological yield and hydrothermal coefficient during germination – tillering period were not correlated (r = -0.860). The yield of spring wheat under conditions of the natural infection background of the Khabarovsk Kray was determined by the degree of disease incidence. The degree of the influence of this factor on the yield amounted to 32%.
Keywords: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum); environmental factors; Fusarium head blight; spot disease (Helminthosporium blight) of leaves; root rot; yield; correlation coefficient; Khabarovsk Kray.
Author Details: N. E. Savchenko, post graduate student (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); T. A. Aseeva, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow.
For citation: Savchenko N. E., Aseeva T. A. Influence of Environment on Productivity of Spring Wheat and its Vulnerability to Diseases. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 4. Pp. 60–63 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10415.