G. N. Potapova, K. A. Galimov, N. L. Zobnina
Ural Agricultural Research Institute – the branch of the Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Ural branch of the RAS, ul. Glavnaya, 21, Istok, Ekaterinburg, 620061, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research was aimed at determining the trends of average temperature changes and precipitation amount in the Middle Ural in autumn and winter vegetation periods and their effect on winter hardiness and yield of winter rye. The work was carried out in 1989–2018. In the competitive test we assessed the average yield of 20–25 samples of winter rye. The plot area was 20 m2. The test was repeated four times. The soil on the test plot was dark grуy forest, podzolized, heavy loamy, with a humus content of 3.35%; pH was 5.46; the content of nitrogen was 88 mg/kg of soil; the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium was 292 mg/kg and 162 mg/kg of soil, respectively. For 29 years an average temperature in the autumn vegetation period of rye increased by 1.4 С; in the winter period, it increased by 2.4 С. Against this background, the duration of an active autumn vegetation period increased by 6 days; the duration of the active winter vegetation period decreased by 18 days. A trend towards a reduction in the amount of precipitation was registered in winter and autumn vegetation periods. The average yield in the competitive test varied from 1.58 to 6.69 t/ha. It was characterized by strong and positive interrelation with winter hardiness (r = 0.895 ± 0.123). Weak negative interrelation was registered between the average temperature in the autumn vegetation period and winter hardiness (r = -0.485 ± 0.085), as well as yield (r = -0.392 ± 0.092). The correlation between the yield and the duration of the active autumn growing season was weak and negative (r = -0.341 ± 0.011). The correlation between winter hardiness and the average temperature in the winter vegetation period was average positive (r = 0.585 ± 0.067) whereas the correlation between winter hardiness and the duration of the winter vegetation period was average negative (r = -0.662 ± 0.14). All the established correlation coefficients were reliable. The rise in temperature in the autumn vegetation period can have a negative effect on the winter hardiness and yield of winter rye; but The rise in temperature in winter may have a positive effect. Prolonged exposure to a complex of adverse conditions in the autumn and winter leads to a decrease in winter hardiness and yield.
Keywords: winter rye (Secale sereale L.); average temperature; precipitation amount; autumn vegetation; winter vegetation; winter hardiness; yield; correlation.
Author Details: G. N. Potapova, Cand. Sc (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); K. A. Galimov, senior research fellow; N. L. Zobnina, senior research fellow.
For citation: Potapova G. N., Galimov K. A., Zobnina N. L.Impact of Autumn and Winter Climate Change on the Cultivation of Winter Rye. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 6. Pp. 18–21 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10604.