R. L. Akchurin, I. O. Chanyshev, R. K. Nafikov, A. A. Nizaeva
Bashkiria Research Agricultural Institute, Ufa Federal Research Center, RAS, ul. R. Zorge, 19, Ufa, Respublika Bashkortostan, 450059, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted in 2015–2017 in the Cis-Ural steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan to determine the effectiveness of resource-saving soil-protective cultivation methods for grain and leguminous crops. The soil was typical fine-grained chernozem with a low density of the illuvial horizon, characterized by an elevated content of humus, a high content of mobile potassium and phosphorus. The reaction of the soil solution was close to neutral; the thickness of the humus horizon was 40–55 cm. In the experiment we studied such options as ploughing (control), subsurface cultivation, disking and zero tillage. The experiments were conducted in winter and spring wheat, spring barley and pea. On average over 3 years, the reserves of productive moisture before seeding were at a satisfactory level and amounted to 101 mm in the meter-layer of soil at moldboard ploughing, 102 mm at subsurface cultivation, and 107 mm at no-till. In the no-till case, the productive moisture content before the seeding of winter wheat was 11 mm higher than in the control; before the seeding of spring wheat it was 8 mm higher; before the seeding of pea it was 4 mm higher; before the seeding of barley it was 5 mm higher. In the case of seeding of winter wheat after subsurface cultivation, field germination was 9.4% higher than at ploughing, the survival rate was 1.0% higher. This method contributed to an increase in crop yield up to 2.33 t/ha that was higher than in the control by 40 kg/ha. The advantage of the no-till method over ploughing was noted for spring wheat and barley, which in this case produced the highest yield – 1.49 t/ha and 1.81 t/ha, respectively (the increase of 110 kg/ha and 190 kg/ha). The harvest of pea seeds in all experimental variants was lower than in the control.
Keywords: tillage; crop rotation; grain crops; leguminous crops; soil; resource-saving technology.
Author Details: R. L. Akchurin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. O. Chanyshev, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; R. K. Nafikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A. A. Nizaeva, head of division.
For citation: Akchurin R. L., Chanyshev I. O., Nafikov R. K., Nizaeva A. A. Effect of Various Tillage Methods on Productivity of Grain and Leguminous Crops. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 8. Pp. 14–17 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10803.