O. Yu. Sorokina, N. N. Kuzmenko, T. P. Sukhopalova, V. I. Ilyina
Federal Scientific Center of Bast-Fiber Crops Breeding, ul. Lunacharskogo, 35, Torzhok, Tverskaya obl., 172002, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to develop methods of fiber flax production process management taking into account soil fertility, mineral fertilizers doses and application methods, new forecrops selection. The experiments were conducted in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem Zone (the Tver region) in 1987–2017. To achieve the high yields of fiber flax in a flax crop rotation, it was expedient to use an organomineral fertilizer system with a saturation of 202.5 kg of active substances/ha that ensured a fiber flax yield of 1.95 t/ha, crop rotation of 3,790 cereal units/ha and maintaining the fertility of sod-podzolic light loamy soil. Cultivation of white mustard as a forecrop of flax for green fodder and postcut intercrop for green manure helped to reduce the infestation of flax crops and increased the yield of fiber flax by 39%; fiber quality increased by 0.7 number. The highest yields of flax of the best quality were formed by the cultivation of the culture on soils with optimal agrochemical parameters (pH(KCl) of 5.3–5.5; P2O5 content of 81–120 mg/kg; K2O content of 200–250 mg/kg, humus content of 1.58–1.68%). The use of mineral fertilizers (N30P22K80) was most effective at a low (28% increase in the straw yield) and average (22% increase in the straw yield) level of fertility. Row application of azophoska (50 kg/ha) provided an increase in the yield of flax straw with a low and medium fertility level of 10% and 9%, and an increase in the yield of flax straw with an increased fertility level of 1.5%. Overall application of fertilizers provided a 3 times increase of the straw yield compared to the row method, whereas the recoupment of fertilizers was lower (2.8 RUB/RUB and 3.6 RUB/RUB, respectively). The productivity of the late-ripening variety Diplomat was 14% higher than that of the early-ripening variety Zaryanka. The mid-ripening modern varieties Nadezhda and Tonus were recommended to be cultivated with a sowing rate of 24 million germinating seeds per 1 ha with fertilizer application at a dose of N15P30K60 to obtain the highest flax fiber yield.
Keywords: flax crop rotation; fiber flax; agrochemical parameters; variety; yield.
Author Details: O. Yu. Sorokina, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. N. Kuzmenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); T. P. Sukhopalova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. I. Ilyina, senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Sorokina O. Yu., Kuzmenko N. N., Sukhopalova T. P., Ilyina V. I. Techniques for Obtaining High Yields of Fiber Flax. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 8. Pp. 18–23 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10804.