F. F. Magafurova, V. V. Khusnutdinov, F. A. Davletov
Bashkiria Research Agricultural Institute, Ufa Federal Research Center, RAS, ul. R. Zorge, 19, Ufa, Respublika Bashkortostan, 450059, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted under the conditions of the Ural steppe in 2012–2016. The purpose was to compare the effectiveness of direct action and the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers on the yield formation of buckwheat closing the crop rotation. The soil of the experimental plots was carbonate leached chernozem with a humus content of 7.7–8.3%; pH amounted to 6.5–7.2. Fertilizers at various doses were applied directly under buckwheat, as well as under the first or second crop (depending on the variant) in the crop rotation: fallow – winter triticale – spring wheat – pea – buckwheat. High content of nitrates in the soil at the beginning and the end of the growing season and their active consumption by plants during the flowering – early ripening period were revealed. The consumption of phosphorus was insignificant. With the completion of the growing season, the number of mobile forms of this element in the soil increased from 12.6 mg/100 g to 19.9 mg/100 g as a result of replenishment from the main soil reserves. The content of metabolic potassium changed slightly (5–8 mg/100 g). The largest increase in buckwheat seed harvest (90–320 kg/ha) was noted in the variants with the application of phosphorus and full mineral fertilizers under the planned yield of 2.0 t/ha. When applying fertilizer under winter triticale (the first crop in the rotation), the phosphorus content in the soil before sowing buckwheat was 24.1–27.8 mg/100 g; the content of potassium was 9.8–10.3 mg/100 g; when applying fertilizer under spring wheat (the second crop) the phosphorus and potassium content in the soil was 22.6–28.2 mg/100 g and 12.5–12.8 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The average increases resulting from the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers application amounted to 200–310 kg/ha, which was comparable to the effect of their direct action (320 kg/ha). With a deficit of mineral fertilizers, it was possible to plan the use of their high doses once every 4–5 years and to apply them under the most important crop in a crop rotation with a short rotation.
Keywords: buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench); mineral fertilizers; vegetation conditions; yield; nutrient content.
Author Details: F. F. Magafurova, Cand. Sc.(Agr.), head of laboratory; V. V. Khusnutdinov, chief agronomist (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); F. A. Davletov D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory.
For citation: Magafurova F. F., Khusnutdinov V. V., Davletov F. A. Effect and Aftereffect of Mineral Fertilizers on Buckwheat Productivity in the Ural Steppe of the Republic of Bashkorstan. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 9. Pp. 21–23 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10904.