M. A. Rozova, A. I. Ziborov, V. I. Usenko, E. E. Egiazaryan
Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Nauchnyi gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russian Federation
Abstract. In 2017–2018, we studied the reaction of spring durum wheat varieties, such as middle-early Pamyati Yanchenko and Salut Altaya, mid-ripening Solnechnaya 573, middle-late Gordeiforme 677 and Oazis to seeding rates (3.5 million and 4.5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha) and fertilizers (0, N40, N40S44, N40P40 and N40P40S28) when cultivated using no-till technology in the steppe zone of the Altai Krai. The soil was ordinary chernozem. The content of humus in the arable layer was 5.2%; the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov’s method) was high and very high, respectively; the content of mobile nitrogen was low and medium; the content of sulphur was low; the content of pH(KCl) was 6.4. The yield of wheat was determined by the effect of fertilizers (60.2%) and genotype (15.2%). It increased from mid-ripening and mid-early (1.88–1.94 t/ha) to medium-late (2.14–2.19 t/ha) varieties. The use of N40 ensured, in comparison with the unfertilized background, an increase in the grain yield by 0.20 t/ha (11.8%), the use of N40P40 – an increase by 0.49 t/ha (28.8%), and the use of N40P40S28 – an increase by 0.72 t/ha (42.4%). An increase in the seeding rate contributed to an increase in the productivity, but worsened grain quality. The grain hardness depended on the genotype (65.0%), seeding rate (9.8%), interaction of these factors, and fertilizers (5.2–8.2%). The value of this indicator decreased from middle-early and mid-ripening varieties to middle-late ones, as well as with an increase in the seeding rate. The protein and gluten content in durum wheat grain was determined by the genotype (57.3–74.7%), fertilizers (17.6–28.3%), and seeding rate (4.6–8.9%). It increased from middle-late varieties to mid-ripening and middle-early ones, as well as with a decrease in the seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizers application rate, especially those enriched with sulphur. The introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus and nitrogen-phosphorus-sulphur fertilizers allowed for maintaining the protein and gluten content at the same level with a significant increase in grain productivity.
Keywords: spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.); variety; variety response; seeding rate; fertilizer; yield; grain hardness; protein; gluten.
Author Details: M. A. Rozova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. I. Ziborov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; V. I. Usenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; E. E. Egiazaryan, research fellow.
For citation: Rozova M. A., Ziborov A. I., Usenko V. I., Egiazaryan E. E. Reaction of Spring Durum Wheat Varieties to Fertilizers and its Seeding Rates when Cultivated Using No-Till Technology in the Steppe Zone of the Altai Territory. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 10. Pp. 34–39 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11008.