A. V. Alabushev, E. V. Ionova, V. A. Likhovidova, N. E. Samofalova
Agrarian Scientific Center “Donskoj”, pos. Nauchnyi gorodok, 3, Zernograd, 347740, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted in 2015–2019 in the Rostov region. The drought tolerance of winter durum wheat was assessed by the ability of its seeds to germinate in an osmotic solution and under conditions of the model drought to select the best genotypes by this trait and to select the source material for further breeding. The study material was 6 varieties of winter durum wheat (Lazurit, Oniks, Eyrena, Yubilyarka, Yakhont, Yantarina). Laboratory and vegetation experiments were performed according to generally accepted methods developed by I.N. Kozhushko (1982), G.V. Udovenko (1988), and V.V. Maimistov (1984). Eyrena and Yubilyarka varieties were characterized by high resistance to drought at the initial development stages. It amounted to 87.0% and 80.9%, respectively. The highest index of complex resistance was observed in the varieties Eyrena (265.7 RU) and Oniks (253 RU). The highest adaptability to complex drought, including both overheating and dehydration, was registered in Eyrena (30.2%), Oniks (28%), and Yubilyarka (26.3%) varieties. The provocative background used in the experiment caused a decrease in the number of productive stems by 17–25% and a decrease in the weight of 1000 grains by 31–45%, compared with the control. At the same time, the smallest decrease in main ear kernel weight against the provocative background was recorded for Yantarina variety. It decreased by 17%. Under conditions of model drought, the highest productivity was shown by Eyrena (208.1 g/m2) and Yubilyarka (189.5 g/m2) varieties. In the same varieties, the most developed root system was noted under water stress. Their root volume was 3.5 cm3 and 3.0 cm3; dry weight was 1.79 and 1.53 g; length of the largest root was 17.3 cm and 16.5 cm, respectively.
Keywords: durum winter wheat (Triticum durum); variety; drought resistance; heat resistance; complex resistance; provocative background; yield structure; yield; root system.
Author Details: A. V. Alabushev, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. V. Ionova, D. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director; V. A. Likhovidova, junior research fellow; N. E. Samofalova, Сand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Alabushev A. V., Ionova E. V., Likhovidova V. A., Samofalova N. E. Assessment of Drought Tolerance of New Commercial Varieties of Winter Durum Wheat. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 10. Pp. 51–53 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11011.