M. A. Kulikov1, A. P. Glinushkin2, V. I. Startsev2, А. V. Kvitko2, T. P. Ajsuvakova2, A.V. Kislov2
1State Commission of the Russian Federation for Selection Achievements Test and Protectioru, Orlikov per., 1/11, Moskva, 107996, Russian Federation
2All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143050, Russian Federation
Abstract. The production of highly efficient balanced feeds is possible through the creation of multi-species agrophytocenoses with the inclusion of crops characterized by a dense stem, high yield of green mass, and high nutritional value. The purpose of the study was to determine the prospect of using sunflower for silage separately and in mixtures with other crops in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The work was conducted in 2016–2018 in the Moscow region. The experiment was conducted on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils. The experimental design included the study of annual feed crops such as oats, barley, pea, sunflower, white lupine, and a mixture of sunflower and pea. The forecrop was winter wheat for grain. The sown area of the plots was 200 m2 (4 m x 50 m). The experiment was repeated 4 times. On average over 3 years, the highest yield of dry matter and feed units in the experiment was registered for sunflower, white lupine, and oats – 6.11 t/ha, 5.25 t/ha, and 5.32 t/ha, respectively; 4990 units/ha, 4990 units/ha, and 4790 units/ha, respectively. The mixture of sunflower and pea were inferior to single-species crops due to damage to the bean component by diseases and pests for 2 out of 3 years but surpassed them in the availability of digestible protein by 8.5 g/feed units. Silage made from sunflower was practically not inferior to a similar feed from corn in the main indicators. At the same time, mixed with legumes and other forage grasses, sunflower is a valuable forage crop, especially in the northern regions of the Russian Federation, where corn cannot realize its biological potential due to adverse climatic conditions.
Keywords: feed production; sunflower for silage; succulent feed; multi-species agrocenoses; digestible protein.
Author Details: M. A. Kulikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. P. Glinushkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), director; V. I. Startsev, D. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director; А. V. Kvitko, D. Sc. (Yur.) , leading research fellow, T. P. Ajsuvakova, post graduate student, A.V. Kislov, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Kulikov M. A., Glinushkin A. P., Startsev V. I., Kvitko А. V., Ajsuvakova T. P., Kislov A.V. Prospects for the Cultivation of Sunflower for Silage in the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 12. Pp. 52–55 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11210.