A. G. Dzyuin
Udmurtia Agricultural Research Institute, ul. Lenina, 1, s. Pervomaiskii, 427007, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed at the determination of the optimal fertilizer system to ensure the best conditions for plant nutrition and increase the yield of crops. The field experiment was performed under conditions of the Middle Urals in 1971–2012. The soil was medium loamy sod-podzolics. The two-factor experiment was conducted against four backgrounds (zero, lime, manure, lime + manure) and included several options of the mineral fertilizer application. The use of various fertilizer systems on average over 5 rotations increased the nitrogen content in the main potato and corn products by 0.02–0.04%, in first- and second-year clover, and in spring wheat – by 0.06–0.09%. The phosphorus content in the main crop products increased slightly (not more than by 0.04%). The largest increase in the concentration of potassium was noted in the green mass of corn (by 0.70%) and in first- and second-year clover (by 0.35% and 0.10%); the smallest increase was noted in potato tubers and barley grains (by 0.08%). The lime, organic and mineral fertilizer system, which provided for the application of complete mineral fertilizer, lime, and manure, contributed to an increase in crop yields and crop rotation on average from 1.98 thousand cereal units/ha to 3.34 thousand cereal units/ha for 5 rotations. In this option, the accumulation of nutrients was close to the optimal one: the content of nitrogen varied from 1.69% in the green mass of corn to 2.85% in the green mass of spring wheat; the content of phosphorus varied from 0.50% in potato tubers to 0.99% in barley grain; the content of potassium varied from 0.66% in spring wheat to 2.40% in second-year clover hay. At the same time, the use of fertilizers did not increase the nitrogen content in the grain of the last cultures in the crop rotation (winter rye and barley) as well as the content of phosphorus in the green mass of corn and first-year clover hay and the content of potassium in the grain of winter rye and barley.
Keywords: crop rotation; mineral fertilizers; lime; manure; nitrogen content; potassium content; phosphorus content in products.
Author Details: A. G. Dzyuin, Сand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Dzyuin AG. [The content of nutrients in plants of the crop rotation in a long-term field experiment]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020; 34(3):11-6. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10302.