Chemical composition of the grapes cultivated in the Dagestan wine growing regions differing in soil types and climatic conditions

F. A. Ashurbekova¹, B. M. Guseinova¹, T. I. Daudova^2
1M. M. Dzhambulatov Dagestan State Agrarian University, ul. M. Gadzhieva, 180, Makhachkala, Respublika Dagestan, 367032, Russian Federation
²Caspian Institute of Biological Resources of the Dagestan Scientific Center of the RAS, ul. M. Gadzhieva, 45, Makhachkala, Respublika Dagestan, 367032, Russian Federation

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of grapes depending on the soil type and climatic conditions in order to identify optimal local microzones for growing wine grapes. Such grape varieties as Rubin Golodrigi and Saperavi were investigated. Experiments were carried out in 2016–2018. Rubin Golodrigi was cultivated in the Derbent and Khasavyurt Dagestan districts. Saperavi was cultivated in the Derbent and Kaitag Dagestan districts. The elemental composition of grapes was studied using the methods of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The content of sugars, titratable acids and vitamin C was determined using titrimetric methods. The content of phenols and vitamin P was determined by colourimetric methods. The concentration of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in the soils in the Derbent district comprised 4.2 mg/100 g soil, 11.04 mg-eq./100 g and 2.20 mg-eq./100 g soil, respectively. In comparison, the soils in the Kaitag and Khasavyurt districts were richer in nitrogen (by 7.1 and 5.4 mg/100 g of soil), calcium (by 21.43 and 22.12 mg-eq./100 g) and magnesium (by 6.57 and 5.03 mg-eq./100g of soil), respectively. The specific conditions of the Derbent district contributed to a significant accumulation of sugars in grape berries, which was higher by 18.1 g/100 cm3 and 21.4 g/100 cm3 in Saperavi and Rubin Golodrigi, respectively. Conditions in the Kaitag district were favourable for the synthesis of vitamin C – 4.5 and 5.9 mg%; vitamin P – 18.6 and 24.6 mg%; titrated acids ­– 7.9 and 9.8 g/dm3, phenolic compounds – 464.2 and 519.4 mg/dm3 in the varieties under study, respectively. Compared to Rubin Golodrigi and Saperavi grown in the Derbent district, those cultivated in Khasavyurt and Kaitag were characterized by higher potassium (by 87.0 and 88.3 mg/kg), calcium (by 19.2 and 14.7), sodium (by 5.7 and 14.9) and magnesium (by 23.3 and 16.2 mg/kg respectively) contents.

Keywords: grape chemical composition; micro- and macronutrients; biologically active agents; mineral elements; soil climatic conditions of Dagestan.

Author Details: F. A. Ashurbekova, applicant (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); B. M. Guseinova, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; T. I. Daudova, senior research fellow.

For citation: Ashurbekova FA, Guseinova BM, Daudova TI. [Chemical composition of the grapes cultivated in the Dagestan wine growing regions differing in soil types and climatic conditions]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(3):17-21. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10303.