M. N. Fomina, N. A. Bragin
Research Agricultural Institute of the Northern Trans-Urals – the branch of the Federal Research Center of Tyumen’ Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Burlaki, 2, pos. Moskovskii, Tyumenskii r-n, Tyumenskaya obl., 625501, Russian Federation
Abstract. We studied the reaction of oat varieties to changing sowing dates and seeding rates in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region in 2016–2018. The purpose of the studies was to select the optimal technology elements for the maximum realization of the biological resource of genotypes. The material for the study was three chaffy varieties (Talisman, Otrada, Foma) and one bare-grain variety (Tyumensky Golozerny). The soil was grey forest heavy loamy. The seeds were sown in three terms: May 15–18, May 25–26, and June 1–3. The seeding rates were 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 million germinating seeds per hectare. A significant contribution to crop formation was made by varieties (53.6%), weather conditions (19.9%), and sowing time (10.1%). The influence of the seeding rate was negligible (0.1%). The highest yield was obtained in the case of the first sowing period. For chaffy varieties, it was 5.11–6.16 t/ha; for the bare-grain variety, it was 2.96–3.06 t/ha. A delay of 7–10 days led to its decrease by 5.1–36.7%. Talisman variety gave the highest grain yield when it was sown on the first (5.69 t/ha) and third terms (4.27 t/ha) with the rate of 5.5 million seeds/ha; on the second term, the yield was 4.85 t/ha with the rate of 6.5 million seeds/ha. On the first term, the yield of Otrada variety was 6.01 t/ha with the rate of 5.5 million seeds/ha; on the second term, the yield was 5.11 t/ha at the rate of 6.5 million seeds/ha; on the third term, the yield was 4.33 t/ha at the rate of 4.5 million seeds/ha. On the first term, Foma variety provided the highest yield when sown with the rate of 4.5 million seeds/ha (6.16 t/ha); on the second term, the highest yield was obtained with the rate of 5.5 million seeds/ha (5.54 t/ha); on the third period, we did not register any significant differences depending on sowing rates (5.01…5.09 t/ha). Regardless of the sowing period, Tyumensky Golozerny variety gave the highest yield (2.19…3.08 t/ha) with the rate of 6.5 million seeds/ha.
Keywords: oats (Avena sativa L.); variety; yield; elements of the crop structure; seeding rate; sowing date.
Author Details: Fomina MN, Bragin NA. [Use of technology elements for the implementation of the biological resource in new generation oat varieties in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(3):22-5. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10304.