A. A. Torop, V. V. Chaykin, E. A. Torop, S. A. Kuzmenko
V. V. Dokuchaev Agricultural Research Institute of the Central Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone, kvartal 5, 81, pos. 2 uchastka Instituta imeni Dokuchaeva, Talovskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted in the Central Chernozem Region of the Russian Federation in 1999–2019. The purpose was to identify the effectiveness of three new methods of winter rye breeding. The climate of the region is continental with hot, often arid, summers and cold winters (HTC is close to 1). The first method was based on the combined positive effect of two factors effective for breeding: increasing the area of the assimilating surface and protecting plants from excessive evaporation of moisture during the drought due to the erectoid orientation of the leaves. It allowed for the selection of highly productive and drought-resistant forms. Based on this method, we bred a variety that exceeded the standard in resistance to drought by 19.6%, with a potential of productivity of more than 9 t/ha. The second method allowed selecting highly productive forms resistant to lodging according to the specific gravity of internodes, since there is a close positive correlation between the value of this indicator and ear yield (r = 0.899 ± 0.253, P > 0.95); the same correlation was found between the specific gravity of internodes and resistance to lodging (r = 0.968 ± 0.145, P > 0.99). Probably, a large specific gravity of stem’s internodes was caused not only by the development of skeletal formations of the stem but also by the accumulation of reserve carbohydrates, sugars and starch in its tissues, used in the period from ripening to kernel ripening. The third breeding method was based on the dependence of yield and resistance to a set of adverse environmental factors on the density of the productive plant stand and the quality of the kernels formed under these conditions. Using these methods, we bred varieties that were included in the State register. They are valuable breeding material. Their real yield increased by 13.1%; their potential yield increased by 25.0%. A significant (up to 36.7%) increase in the lower level yield indicated that the bred varieties became more adaptable to adverse environmental conditions: drought, lodging, and damage to the most common and harmful diseases.
Keywords: winter rye (Secale cereale L.); breeding methods; yield; resistance to adverse conditions; plant morphotypes.
Author Details: A. A. Torop, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow(e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. V. Chaykin, Dr. Sc.(Agr.), leading research fellow; E. A. Torop Dr. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.);S. A.Kuzmenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow.
For citation: Torop AA, Chaykin VV, Torop EA, et al. [Practical use of methods that provide both high yield and adaptability to environmental conditions in winter rye breeding]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(3):32-5. Russian. doi:10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10306.