I. N. Ilyinskaya, E. A. Gaevaya, M. I. Rychkova, S. A. Taradin, E. N. Nezhinskaya
Federal Rostov Agrarin Scientific Center, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksaiskii r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the studies was agronomic and bioenergetic assessment of the effectiveness of the elements of winter wheat cultivation technology in a crop rotation on ordinary chernozems on an erosion threatening slope. A stationary field experiment was conducted in 2010–2019 in the Rostov region. The experimental design involved the study of the following options: a forecrop (factor A) – bare fallow, winter wheat, soybean, corn for grain; a soil cultivation method (factor B) – moldboard (ploughing) and subsurface (chisel) tillage; a level of mineral nutrition (factor C) – without fertilizers, N46Р24К30, N84Р30К48 (on average per 1 ha of crop rotation area). The maximum yield of winter wheat grain in the experiment (5.86 t/ha) was achieved when it was cultivated after bare fallow against the background of subsurface tillage. In this option, it was 4% higher than after ploughing. The use of fertilizers at the rate of N46Р24К30 increased the yield of winter wheat when cultivated after bare fallow by 13.5%; the use of fertilizers at the rate of N84Р30К48 increased this indicator by 25.0%. The highest payback of fertilizers with an additional yield was noted when soybean was used as a forecrop with chisel tillage against the background of applying N84Р30K48, it was 12.0–12.3 kg/kg. Energy efficiency in the case of chisel tillage exceeded the value of this indicator for ploughing by 2.2–3.7% depending on the forecrop. On erosion threatening slopes, the most effective combination of the studied options was noted when cultivating winter wheat after soybean using chisel tillage against the background of applying N84P30K48. Its use provided an increase in grain yield, compared to the option without fertilizers, by 1.6 t/ha, combustive and lubricating materials savings, compared to the bare fallow option, was up to 40%. In this case, the payback of the primary nutrient of fertilizers by yield increase reached 12.3 kg/kg; the total energy consumption was the smallest (18.5 GJ/ha), whereas the recovery of the costs of the energy stored in the grain harvest was the highest (10.13 GJ/ha).
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); erosion threatening slope; primary tillage method; forecrop; fertilizers; yield; efficiency; bioenergy assessment.
Author Details: I. N. Ilyinskaya, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. A. Gaevaya, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; M. I. Rychkova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; S. A. Taradin, research fellow; E. N. Nezhinskaya, junior research fellow.
For citation: Ilyinskaya IN, Gaevaya EA, Rychkova MI, et al. [Efficiency of soil protection measures in cultivation of winter wheat on erosion threatening slopes]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(6):17-22. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10603.