A. V. Krokhmal’, A. I. Grabovets, E. A. Gordinskaya, K. N. Biryukov, N. I. Barulina
Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksaiskii r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation of the green mass yield depending on environmental conditions, as well as the adaptability and stability of feed triticale varieties to select the best genotypes. The work was performed in 2017–2019 in the northwestern zone of the Rostov region. The research material was Tornado, Argo, Stuard, and Ariozo varieties bred by our group; the standard was Agraf variety. The crops were sown after bare fallow and legumes. On average, over the years of the research, the highest yield of green mass and dry matter for both forecrops was provided by Argo variety – 62.9 and 25.6 t/ha, respectively. For bare fallow, we registered a significant average negative relationship between the green mass yield, the amount of precipitation, and the hydrothermal coefficient (r was from -0.32 to -0.61). For the non-fallow forecrop, the dependences were significant positive ranging from the medium (r = 0.38–0.61) for Agraf, Tornado, Agro, and Stuard varieties to the strong ones for Ariozo variety (r = 0.86–0.95). Plant height was positively correlated with hydrothermal vegetation conditions. Ariozo variety, in comparison with other studied genotypes, was more demanding on growing conditions: the regression coefficient for the environment was bi = 1.15 (green mass) and bi = 1.12 (dry matter). Argo and Tornado varieties had an advantage when cultivated in the worst conditions – bi = 0.86–0.87. Argo variety showed the best general adaptive properties (GAP = 1.89), stability (delta2SAPi = 320.3), and breeding value (BVG = 39.2) among all the genotypes calculated for green mass productivity. The lowest value of the genotype-environment interaction indicator (delta2(G+E)gi) was observed in Argo and Tornado varieties (3.64 and 4.51, respectively), which indicated their adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions during the formation of the vegetative mass. Stuard and Ariozo varieties can be characterized as narrowly adapted – delta2(G + E)gi was 44.91 and 27.18, respectively.
Keywords: triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm. Ex A. Camus); variety; green mass; adaptability; stability.
Author Details: A. V. Krokhmal’, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. I. Grabovets, D. Sc. (Agr.), corresponding member of the RAS, head of division; E. A. Gordinskaya, junior research fellow; K. N. Biryukov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; N. I. Barulina, junior research fellow.
For citation: Krokhmal’ AV, Grabovets AI, Gordinskaya EA, et al. [Breeding of feed triticale for good productivity and adaptability]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(6):54-8. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10610.