T. N. Fedorova, S. A. Shukyurov
Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far Eastern branch, RAS, pos. Vostochnyi-1, Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of hydrothermal conditions on the duration of the growing season and the yield of soybean varieties in the Middle Amur region. The work was performed in 2018–2019 in the Khabarovsk Territory on meadow-brown heavy loamy soil with an organic matter content of 4.1% in the arable layer. The experiment scheme provided for the study of the following treatments: variety (factor A) - Batya, Khabarovsky Yubilyar; sowing time (factor B) – in 2018, May 20, May 30 and June 10; in 2019, May 9, May 15, May 27, June 5, June 10, June 17. The amount of precipitation varied from 478 mm in 2018 to 804 mm in 2019 with a norm of 507 mm. The sum of temperatures during the growing season was 2625 C in 2018 and 2623 C in 2019; HTC was 1.87 and 3.12, respectively. The reduction in the duration of the growing season for soybean of both varieties when sown at a later date reached 19 days. At the same time, the growth rate of soybean variety Batya in the period of shoots-fruit formation exceeded that of Khabarovsky Yubilyar variety by 4–8 days. The yield of Batya variety was 2.20–3.92 t/ha and significantly decreased when sown on June 10 and June 17. The seed yield of Khabarovsky Yubilyar variety was 2.13–3.90 t/ha. Its significant decrease was noted only at the very late sowing date. The average yield of Batya variety was 57.6% of its potential; for Khabarovsky Yubilyar, this indicator was 77.5%. The optimal period for sowing soybean Batya lasts from May 27 to June 5; the optimal period for sowing Khabarovsky Yubilyar variety lasts from May 9 to May 20.
Keywords: soybean (Glycine max); variety; sowing period; yield; yield structure; growing season; growth and development phases; Middle Amur region.
Author Details: T. N. Fedorova, post graduate student (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. A. Shukyurov, Cand. Sc. (Tekh.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Fedorova TN, Shukyurov SA [Optimization of the dates of soybean sowing in the Middle Amur region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(8):75-9.Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10813.