G. N. Potapova, K. A. Galimov, N. L. Zobnina
Ural Agricultural Research Institute, branch of the Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Center, Ural branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Glavnaya, 21, Istok, Ekaterinburg, 620061, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies of the yield, productivity, and adaptability of winter rye varieties were conducted in 2014–2019 in the Sverdlovsk region. The purpose was to study the relationships between these indicators and to select promising highly productive genotypes. The study material was regionalized varieties Parom (standard), Alisa, and Yantarnaya, as well as 20 new breeding samples. Experiments were conducted in a three-field crop rotation after bare fallow. Agricultural technology was common for the zone. Plot area was 20 m2. The experiments were repeated four times. The soil on the experimental site was dark grey forest, podzolized, heavy loamy, with a humus content of 3.5%, nitrogen content of 98 mg/kg of soil, the phosphorus content of 292 mg/kg, the potassium content of 162 mg/kg. For Parom standard, the yield was 4.5 t/ha; for varieties Alisa, Yantarnaya, Chusovaya, samples Premier, Vikras, and Darvet, the yield was 5.26 t/ha. They exceeded the standard in terms of this indicator by 15%. For all the years of the study, the correlation between yield and winter hardiness, plant and stand density, the number of grains per ear was medium (r = 0.522–0.696); the correlation between the weight of 1000 grains and ear productivity was strong (r = 0.926–0.972). Infestation with snow mold (Fusarium nivale Ces.) in 2017 and 2019 led to a decrease in winter hardiness, stand density, and yield (up to 3.3 t/ha in 2017). In cool and wet weather in summers of 2014, 2015, and 2017 (HTC = 1.5–1.7), the weight of 1000 grains (23.1–28.2 g) and the weight of grain per ear (1.37–1.75 g) were low; in warm weather and under sufficient moisture conditions in July and August (HTC = 1.0–1.4) of 2016, 2018, and 2019, these indicators were high (31.9–39.2 g and 2.03–2.58 g, respectively). The best combination of yield adaptability indicators was noted for new Darvet variety (GAP = 0.56 t/ha; Sgi = 16.4%; bi = 0.82; BVG = 2.72), which exceeded the standard in terms of the general adaptability and breeding value of the genotype (GAP = -0.11 t/ha; Sgi = 15.4%; bi = 0.93; BVG = 2.51), but was inferior to it in terms of stability and plasticity.
Keywords: winter rye (Secale sereale L.); variety; competitive testing; correlation; productivity; adaptability; winter hardiness; productive plant stand; mass of 1000 grains; ear productivity.
Author Details: G. N. Potapova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); K. A. Galimov, senior researcher fellow; N. L. Zobnina, senior research fellow.
For citation: Potapova GN, Galimov KA, Zobnina NL. [Productivity and adaptability of winter rye varieties in the Middle Urals]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(10):28-33. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11004.