D. O. Dolzhenko, S. N. Shevchenko
Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N. M. Tulaykov, ul. K. Marksa, 41, pos. Bezenchuk, Bezenchukskii r-n, Samarskaya obl., 446254, Russian Federation
Abstract. The study aimed to identify the genetic control of grain yield indicators under the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. In the years contrasting in the hydrothermal regime (2009–2010), we studied the genetic control of several grain yield indicators of barley (yield, harvesting indices) in the system of diallelic crosses (6x6): the ratio of grain mass per plant to plant mass, the ratio of the mass of grain from the main shoot to the mass of the shoot, and the ratio of the mass of grain from an ear to the mass of the main ear. The manifestation of genetic control systems for all studied parameters depended on the conditions of the year of the study. The ratio of grain mass per plant to plant mass was controlled with the participation of dominant and additive effects; in a dry year, we observed complementary epistasis and undirected dominance. The heritability coefficient of the ratio of grain mass per plant to plant mass in the broad sense was 0.70–0.82; in the narrow sense, it was 0.47–0.51. The ratio of the mass of grain from the main shoot to the mass of the shoot was inherited according to the additive-dominant model; the dominance in the F1 generation was incomplete; the dominance in the F2 germination was complete and undirected. The heritability coefficient of the ratio of the mass of grain from the main shoot to the mass of the shoot in the broad sense was 0.79–0.88; in the narrow sense, it was 0.44–0.57. The ratio of the mass of grain from the ear to the mass of the main ear was inherited according to the additive-dominant type with the manifestation of epistatic effects in the dry 2010; the dominance was incomplete; the trait was increased by dominant genes. The heritability coefficient of the ratio of the mass of grain from an ear to the mass of the main ear in the broad sense was 0.88–0.95; in the narrow sense, it was 0.51–0.66. Breeding for an increase of grain yield indicators can be successful, but the selection should be started in later generations. Varieties Anna (Orenburg region) and Nutans 553 (Saratov region) can be donors for breeding to increase the ratio of grain mass per plant to plant mass and the ratio of the mass of grain from the main shoot to the mass of the shoot. We recommend Anna variety as a donor for increasing the ratio of the mass of grain from the main shoot to the mass of the shoot in arid conditions.
Keywords: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); diallel analysis; yield indicators; harvest index; genetic systems; heritability coefficient.
Author Details: D. O. Dolzhenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. N. Shevchenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, chief research fellow.
For citation: Dolzhenko DO, Shevchenko SN. [Genetic control of harvest indices in the diallel complex of spring barley]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(10):34-42. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11005.