L. V. Meshkova, P. N. Nikolaev, S. V. Vasyukevich, O. B. Sabaeva, O. V. Pyatkova
Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, prosp. Koroleva, 26, Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation
Abstract. The study aimed to characterize varieties and lines of barley and oats bred in Russia and abroad for resistance to smut diseases to identify the best and most promising for breeding under conditions of the Omsk region. The material for the study was varieties, developed in Omsk Agricultural Scientific Centre (8 barley varieties and 9 oats varieties), 35 barley samples and 60 oats samples from the collection of the All-Russian Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The plant resistance was assessed in the field against an artificial infectious background in 2016–2019 according to generally accepted methods. Before sowing, barley seeds were inoculated with teliospores of Ustilago hordei and Ustilago nigra; oats seeds were inoculated with Ustilago avenae and Ustilago kolleri; barley plants were infected with Ustilago nuda teliospores during flowering. The resistance of varieties was compared by the damage percentage and resistance index (RI). Among new samples in barley collection, we distinguished Tak-Mak (Krasnoyarsk Territory), Pospekh (k-31122, Belarus) and Soborny (Ukraine) in terms of the combination of productivity with resistance to the head and loose smut. Among the oat samples, TERRUF (k-15474, USA) and CY 3300 (k-15476, USA) were resistant; the damage was up to 2.2 and 0.9%, respectively. At the same time, the damage to Orion variety (susceptibility indicator) amounted to 77.8%. The analysis of the local population of barley smut showed that barley varieties with Run 3 (Paragon) and Run 6 (Keystone) genes retained their effectiveness against the pathogen. The resistance of the lines with Run 1 and Run 7 genes was overcome by 2017. In recent years we did not record any changes in the structure of oat smut diseases populations during differentiation on a set of test varieties; Victory, Fulghum, and Black Mesdag varieties are still resistant.
Keywords: common barley (Hordeum sativum Jess.); common oats (Avena sativa L.); variety; head smut [Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lagerh, U. kolleri Wille]; loose smut (U. tritici. hordei (Jens .); U. avenae (Pers.) Rostr. Kell. et Sw.); false loose smut (U. Nigra Tapke = U. avenae (Pers.) Rostr.); resistance; collection of the All-Russian Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; Omsk region.
Author Details: L. V. Meshkova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow, head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); P. N. Nikolaev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow, head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. V. Vasyukevich, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. B. Sabaeva, leading specialist; O. V. Pyatkova, leading specialist.
For citation: Meshkova LV, Nikolaev PN, Vasyukevich SV, et al. [Immunological characteristics of barley and oats for resistance to natural populations of smut diseases]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(10):43-9. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11006.