A. S. Akimenko, N. V. Dolgopolova, V. G. Vavin, N. A. Dudkina, L. I. Sadykova
Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the studies was to form crop rotations for growing a given amount of sugar beet raw materials and reproducing soil fertility. To achieve it, we used the results of generalization of scientific publications and experimental data obtained in a long-term stationary experiment in typical heavy loamy chernozem in the Kursk region, established in space and time by all options. In crop succession, grain-fallow-row, and green manure rotations (factor A), fertilizers (factor B) were applied at the following doses: 6 tons of manure, 6 tons of manure + N37P37K37, 12 tons of manure, 12 tons of manure + N37P37K37 per 1 ha of crop rotation per year. The entire non-marketable part of the crop was embedded in the soil. In the same fertilization options differences in the yield of grain crops, depending on the forecrops, amounted to 13–16%. The largest yield of sugar beetroots in the experiment was registered in the green manure fallow link. The productivity of grain-fallow-row and green manure rotations was 1.1–1.2 times higher than that of the crop succession owing to the use of corn. Differences in yield depending on fertilizers increased with the duration of their systematic use. For sugar beets they ranged from 3.7–4.9% on average for the first rotation to 22.2–22.5% for the fifth rotation; the difference in the productivity of crop rotations ranged from 6.8–8.5% to 11.9–19.3%, respectively. The increase in time differences was explained by the negative nitrogen balance and the associated humus consumption. The average annual loss of humus at the lowest and highest levels of fertilization was the highest in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation (1.61 t/ha and 1.34 t/ha), and the lowest, owing to green fertilization, in green manure rotation (0.93 t/ha and 0.69 t/ha).
Keywords: crop rotation; structure of sown areas; nitrogen; carbon; humus; specialization of agricultural enterprises.
Author Details: A. S. Akimenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. V. Dolgopolova, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; V. G. Vavin, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; N. A. Dudkina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; L. I. Sadykova, research assistant.
For citation: Akimenko AS, Dolgopolova NV, Vavin VG, et al. [Formation of crop rotations to obtain a required amount of sugar beet raw materials in the forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem Region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(11):16-20. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11102.