I. V. Podlesnykh, Yu. A. Solov’eva
Kursk federal agrarian scientific center, All-Russian research institute of farming and soil protection from erosion, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to develop a new approach in the methodology for designing the structure of crop rotations taking into account the anti-erosion role of crops under conditions of the Central Chernozem Region. We used various types of crop rotations all other things being equal, that is, within the same plot of agricultural land. The predictive soil washout was calculated in the geographic information system. To take into account the soil-protective role of crops in the structure of crop rotation we used the coefficients of their anti-erosion efficiency. The results of designing the structure of crop rotations were shown on the example of agricultural land. The contour-reclamation agricultural experiment was conducted in the model water catchment area in the Kursk region. To assess the possibility of conducting various types of crop rotations from the standpoint of their anti-erosion efficiency, we categorized arable lands based on slope steepness. For the model drainage area, the predicted average long-term soil washout was calculated provided that eight types of field crop rotations for farms of various specializations, two types of fodder and two types of soil-protective crop rotations were conducted on the arable lands in this area. The introduction of seeded fallow and perennial grasses in the field crop rotation for farms of diversified specialization decreased soil washout by 11.6%. With an increase in the share of perennial grasses to two fields in the crop rotation, it decreased by 20%. Soil-protective crop rotations allowed reducing soil washout by 40% and fodder crop rotations – by 51–52%. If in the crop rotation proposed for the farm the permissible soil washout standards were exceeded, its structure was adjusted at the design stage. A structure optimal from the standpoints of soil protection role and economic benefits for the land user was selected using geoinformation technologies when calculating soil washout and implementing various crop rotation options.
Keywords: methodology; soil erosion; mean long-term soil washout; crop rotation structure; geographic information systems (GIS).
Author Details: I. V. Podlesnykh, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Yu. A. Solov’eva, Cand. Sc. (Geogr.), senior research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Podlesnykh IV, Solov’eva YuA [A new approach in the methodology for the formation of crop rotation structure taking into account the anti-erosion role of crops]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(11):21-5. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11103.