D. V. Dubovik, E. V. Dubovik, A. V. Shumakov, B. S. Ilyin, A. N. Morozov
Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to study the effect of tillage methods on agrophysical and biological properties of typical chernozem, yield and quality of pea grain. We studied the following options: ploughing at 20–22 cm; combined tillage (disking + chiselling at 20–22 cm), surface tillage (disking at a depth of up to 8 cm), and no-till option (direct sowing). The work was performed in 2019–2020 in the Kursk region. The greatest soil density before sowing pea was formed during surface tillage. During the harvesting of pea, it increased both in a layer of 0–10 cm (1.05 ± 0.01 g/cm3) and in a layer of 10–20 cm (1.17 ± 0.02 g/cm3), compared with the sowing period (0.99 ± 0.01 g/cm3 and 1.10 ± 0.02 g/cm3, respectively) in all the options, except for surface tillage. The greatest change in the value of this indicator was noted during ploughing. The highest content of aggregates of agronomically valuable size was noted at direct sowing (75.5%); the least one was noted at surface tillage (70.7%). Biological activity of soil during ploughing in the upper (0–10 cm) layer decreased compared to the lower (10–20 cm) layer. Minimization of tillage led to the increase in soil biological activity in the 0–10 cm layer and decrease in the 10–20 cm layer. The least infestation of pea crops was noted at ploughing. The use of subsurface methods of primary tillage led to a significant increase in the value of this indicator. The highest yield of pea in the experiment was registered for sowing after ploughing (2.20 t/ha). The substitution of subsurface tillage with combined tillage decreased the yield by 21.4%; when it was substituted with surface tillage, the yield decreased by 27.3%; in the case of direct sowing, the yield decreased by 23.2%. The greatest protein content in the pea grain was registered after ploughing – 22.2%, which was higher by 0.7% than after combined tillage, and higher by 0.9% than after surface tillage and direct sowing.
Keywords: pea (Pisum sativum); ploughing; combined tillage; surface tillage; no-till; soil density; infestation of crops.
Author Details: D. V. Dubovik, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. V. Dubovik, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; A. V. Shumakov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; B. S. Ilyin, senior research fellow; A. N. Morozov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Dubovik DV, Dubovik EV, Shumakov AV, et al. [Minimization of tillage for pea in the Kursk region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(11):26-31. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11104.