M. A. Kolesova1, V. G. Zaharov2, L. G. Tyryshkin1
1Federal Research Center the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), ul. Bol’shayaMorskaya, 42-44, Sankt-Peterburg, 190000, Russian Federation
2Ulyanovsk Research Agricultural Institute, branch of Samara Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 19, pos. Timiryazevskoe, Ul’yanovskii r-n, Ul’yanovskaya obl., 433315, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to experimentally test the hypothesis of the influence of abiotic factors on the resistance of cereals to rust pathogens. The material of the study was 12 varieties of barley and oats from the collection of Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (St. Petersburg). The experiments were conducted in 2020. The seedlings were exposed to one of the studied factors (watering with ammonium nitrate, growing at an elevated temperature, and placing leaf segments on benzimidazole) whereas in the control the seedlings were infected with populations of rust pathogens; in 10 days, the number of formed pustules was counted. The number of rust pustules on barley seedlings in the option with ammonium nitrate irrigation decreased by 76.0% compared to the control; with cultivation at elevated temperature, it decreased by 68.7%; with placing leaf segments on benzimidazole, it decreased by 73.6%; on oat varieties, it decreased by 75.7%, 75.0%, and 72.5%, respectively. In 72 combinations of plant genotype–pathogen genotype interactions, we noted coincidences of reaction types of leaves infected with fungal clones in the presence of the studied factor and propagated in its absence and reaction types of leaf segments incubated in the absence of the factor but infected with clones propagated in its presence. We cultivated subpopulations of fungi, represented by a set of genotypes that are virulent to the variety under certain conditions. For four varieties of two crops, after infection with these subpopulations, we revealed 38.6–68.1% decrease in the number of rust pustules formed on segments of leaves in the control and experimental option (benzimidazole, NH4NO3, elevated temperature). We did not find any differences between the two indicators of partial resistance in seedlings affected by the studied factor when inoculated with subpopulations propagated in its absence, and seedlings cultivated in the absence of the factor when infected with subpopulations of pathogens propagated in its presence. According to the results of the study, we did not register any influence of three environmental factors on the vertical and horizontal resistance of oats and barley seedlings to rust. The decrease in the development of diseases under the influence of the studied factors was due to their influence on the modification variability of the virulence and aggressiveness of pathogens.
Keywords: barley (Hordeum vulgare); oats (Avena sativa); rusts; race-specific and race-non-specific resistance; abiotic environmental factors.
Author Details: M. A. Kolesova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; V. G. Zaharov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; L. G. Tyryshkin, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Kolesova MA, Zaharov VG, Tyryshkin LG. [Possible influence of abiotic factors on the resistance of barley and oats to rust diseases]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(1):13-21. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_1_13.