A. A. Slobodchikov
Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding, branch of the “Federal Research Center the Institution of Cytology and Genetics”, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. S-100, zd. 21, a/ya 375, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted in 2019–2020 in the forest-steppe of the Ob region of Western Siberia. The purpose of the research was to study the features of the formation of a phytosanitary situation in the crops of two medium-early common spring wheat varieties (Sibirskaya 21 and Novosibirskaya 41) and to determine their responsiveness to mineral fertilizers and phytosanitary agents, and to optimize cultivation technology. Wheat varieties were placed at three levels of mineral nutrition: without the application of mineral fertilizers – control, ammonium nitrate + ammophos (N60P20 a.s./ha), ammonium nitrate + ammophos (N90P20 a.s./ha). In the sowing of each variety, we used four plant protection schemes: without the use of insecticides and fungicides – control; fungicide (seed treatment); fungicide (seed treatment) + insecticides (treatment of seeds and plants in the heading phase); fungicides (treatment of seeds and generative organs) + insecticides (treatment of seeds and generative organs). Crops of Novosibirskaya 41 wheat variety were moderately affected by powdery mildew and colonized by wheat thrips; the plants of Sibirskaya 21 variety were relatively resistant to these harmful organisms. Both varieties were moderately affected by common root rot and were intensively colonized by the striped bread flea. The yield depended to a greater extent (according to the results of a four-factor variance analysis) on mineral fertilizers (influence share was 29%) and to a lesser extent on varietal characteristics (influence share was 17%), year conditions (influence share was 15%), and phytosanitary products (influence share was 8%). Sibirskaya 21 variety was characterized by higher productivity (2.30 t/ha in the control) compared to Novosibirskaya 41 variety (1.64 t/ha). The yield of varieties Sibirskaya 21 and Novosibirskaya 41 increased by 15% and 30%, respectively, after the introduction of a complex of insecticides and fungicides; after the use of mineral fertilizers, it increased by 35% and 54%, respectively; when using a complex of mineral fertilizers and phytosanitary products, it increased by 58% and 79%, respectively, in comparison with the control option.
Keywords: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); variety; yield; fungicide; insecticide; harmful organisms; mineral fertilizers.
Author Details: A. A. Slobodchikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Slobodchikov AA. [The role of agrochemical agents in forming the productivity of spring wheat varieties Sibirskaya 21 and Novosibirskaya 41]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(1):22-7. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_1_22.