S. I. Kostenko, E. G. Sedova, E.V. Dumacheva
Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, Nauchnyi gorodok, korp. 1, Lobnya, Moskovskaya obl., 141055, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to analyse the state and determine the main problems and prospects for breeding and seed production of fodder crops. The breeding solution of emerging problems is the most effective. It allows to increase the productivity of arable land and natural grassland, while a noticeable increase in the production and quality of livestock products is possible. Now fodder plant breeding is experiencing a new upsurge: the need for specialised varieties for certain groups of animals or directions of use and methods of fodder preparation has increased; the requirements of livestock breeders to the quality of fodder plants have increased (increased content of protein and vitamins, reduced concentration of anti-nutrients); the issues of variety identification have become topical. It is necessary to pay more attention to the creation of fodder plants collections, in which not only traditional species should be collected, but also plants that are promising for introduction into cultivation. Before creating new varieties of such plants, it is necessary to determine the range of grass species that are potentially suitable for introduction into the culture. Among the most important problems that limit the possibility of providing the country with seeds of fodder crops of the required quality are the following: the lack of testing by institutions of the State Commission for Selection Achievements Test and Protection of fodder crops for seed productivity; copyright infringement and falsification of seed material, due to the forced sale by originating institutions of seeds of higher reproductions on the basis of nonexclusive license agreements; limited patent term and a simplified system for obtaining rights to produce original seeds after its expiration; the need to pay for state testing of crop varieties not included in the list of the most important; insufficient consideration of regional characteristics of animal husbandry during breeding research; poor work on the creation of specialised varieties of lawn grasses. Changes in relevant regulations offer opportunities for a sharp increase in seed production in the most favourable regions for this, as well as an increase in land productivity in zones with an arid climate.
Keywords: fodder production; breeding; pastures; variety; grasses; seeds.
Author Details: S. I. Kostenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr), director of breeding and seed center (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. G. Sedova, Cand. Sc. (Agr), head of division; E. V. Dumacheva, D.Sc. (Biol.), head of division.
For citation: Kostenko SI, Sedova EG, Dumacheva EV [Fodder crop breeding is the basis for sustainable fodder production in the current stage of Russian development] Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(4):15-21. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_4_15.