M.V. Abramova, A.V. Ilyina, S.V. Zyryanova, E.G. Evdokimov, Yu.I. Malina, A.V. Konovalov
Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of livestock breeding and forage production —Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology ul. Lenina, 1, p. Mikhailovskii, Yaroslavskii r-n, Yaroslavskaya obl., 150517, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to analyse the state of genetic resources of the Yaroslavl breed in the Yaroslavl region in the period between 2010 and 2020. During the analysed period, the number of cattle, including animals of the Yaroslavl breed, decreased rapidly by 36.8% and 50.0%, respectively. At the same time, milk yield increased and in 2020 the increase for all breeds was 33.7%, for the Yaroslavl breed – 30.8%. The Yaroslavl breed herds were characterised by higher indicators of the duration of economic use (lim 2.5-3.0 calving) and the age of disposal of cows (lim 3.2-3.9 calving), compared to the average for the region. That is, cattle of the Yaroslavl breed stayed in the herd for a longer time and provided production and offspring. The indicators of the reproductive qualities of cows of the Yaroslavl breed demonstrated the high adaptive capacities of the breed in changing technological conditions. The service period for all breeds was longer than that of the Yaroslavl cattle by 2-11 days or by 1.6-8.2%. In terms of calf crop, Yaroslavl cows also exceeded the regional average by 1.8-6.2%. Indicators of phenotypic and genetic variability of productive traits were characterised by average values of variation coefficients (lim Cv 18.02-25.03%) and heritability coefficients (lim h2 0.21-0.31) for milk yield per lactation period, as well as low and medium coefficients for mass share of fat (lim Cv 5.92-11.26%; lim h2 0.42-0.50) and protein (lim Cv 4.98-7.73%; lim h2 0.25-0.35) in milk. Evaluation of the population by the ISSR marker revealed 34 fragments for the primer (AG)9C with a frequency of 0.014-0.595 and 21 fragments for the primer (GA)9C with a frequency of 0.014-0.446.
Keywords: cattle; Yaroslavl breed; milk yield; reproductive qualities; heritability; variability; DNA markers.
Author Details: M.V. Abramova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.V. Ilyina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; S.V. Zyryanova, research fellow; E.G. Evdokimov, research fellow; Yu.I. Malina, senior research fellow; A.V. Konovalov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Abramova MV, Ilyina AV, Zyryanova SV, et al. [Monitoring of selection and genetic processes in the population of the Yaroslavl breed in the Yaroslavl region] Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(4):102-6. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_4_102.