E. A. Bildieva, F. V. Eroshenko, V. K. Dridiger
North-Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Shpakovskii r-n, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to study the characteristics of nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat plants cultivated using the direct sowing technology (without tillage) and the generally accepted technology. The work was carried out in 2016–2019 under the conditions of the unstable moisture zone of the Stavropol Territory. Winter wheat crops were in two layers: the first one was the direct sowing technology, the second – the generally accepted technology. Three options were represented in each layer in three repetitions: without fertilizers, N90P60K60 (recommended dose), N160P90K60 (estimated dose for expected yield). When cultivated according to the direct sowing technology, plants actively consumed nitrogen at the early stages of development. In the phase of the beginning of stem elongation, the difference between the content of this element in the control variant was 0.44 g/m2 (in terms of dry biomass from 1 m2), or 48,9%. When applying the recommended dose of fertilizers to crops according to the technology without tillage, the nitrogen content in plants to the phase of full ripeness increased by 99.2% compared to the control, and by 87.6% according to the generally accepted technology. The introduction of high doses of fertilizers contributed to the activation of photosynthetic activity (increased the photosynthetic potential) of plants cultivated according to the technology without tillage. As a result, they consumed nitrogen more intensively during the reproductive period, which led to an increase in yield. When applying the recommended dose of fertilizers in the variants with the technology without tillage, the increase in yield to the control was 2.98 t/ha, when applying the calculated dose – 3.34 t/ha. As for the generally accepted technology it was 2.00 and 2.47 t/ha, respectively.
Keywords: soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); photosynthesis; nitrogen nutrition; direct sowing technology; no tillage technology; photosynthetic potential; mineral fertilizers; yield.
Author Details: E. A. Bildieva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); F. V. Eroshenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of division; V. K. Dridiger, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow.
For citation: Nesmeyanova MA, Dedov AV, Korotkikh EV [Photosynthesis and nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat cultivated using direct sowing technology]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(5):44-9. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_5_44.