N. A. Galushko, N. I. Sokolenko
North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Shpakovskii r-n, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to assess soft winter wheat genotypes in terms of adaptability and to select the most valuable ones for further use in breeding. The experiments were carried out in the Stavropol Territory in 2017–2021. The experiments were placed in a black fallow in a zone with unstable moisture on an ordinary chernozem, medium loamy, medium thick, slightly humus. 6 varieties of soft winter wheat of the original selection, included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in different years were studied. The highest grain harvest was recorded in 2018 and 2019 – 7.78 and 7.83 t/ha, respectively. On average, over five years, the highest yields were obtained from the varieties Sekletia (7.17 t/ha) and Karolina 5 (7.00 t/ha). The average variability (CV) of the grain yield over the years was found in the varieties Sekletiya (20%), Berezit (20%) and in the standard Grom (19%). The varieties differed in ecological plasticity (b(i)=0.84-1.28) and ecological stability (S2d=0.06-0.84). The Sekletia variety was characterised by high ecological plasticity (b(i)=1) and homeostaticity (Hom=1.45). The varieties Kseniya and Karolina 5 (b(i)>1) turned out to be the most responsive to growing conditions. Only 2 out of 5 years were favourable for a good quality grain formation and maturity (in 2017 I(j)=0.5; in 2020 I(j)=3.1). The largest amount of gluten in the grain on average over the years of the study was recorded in the Firuza 40 variety (26.9%). The Sekletia variety was the most responsive according to this biochemical indicator under growing conditions (b(i)=2.37). Varieties Firuza 40 (S2d=0.4) and Bagira (S2d=0.6) were characterised by high ecological stability in terms of gluten content in grain. Karolina 5 variety (b(i)=1.28, S2d=0.06) is promising as a source of a sign of high yield, and Firuza 40 variety (b(i)=1.17, S2d=0.04) as a grain quality.
Keywords: soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); variety; yield; grain quality; gluten; variation; homeostaticity; plasticity.
Author Details: N. A. Galushko, Сand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. I. Sokolenko, Сand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Galushko NA, Sokolenko NI. [Adaptability of winter wheat varieties cultivated under the conditions of the North Caucasus region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(5):50-4. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_5_50.