Z. E. Ozherelieva, A. O. Bolgova, A. A. Gulyaeva
Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, d. Zhilina, Orlovskii r-n, Orlovskaya obl., 302530, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were carried out in 2021-2022 on sites of primary variety study of stone fruit crops in the Oryol region. The soil in the experimental plots was dark grey forest with a humus content of 3-4%. The plants were planted in 2019, planting design was 5×3 m. The purpose of the research was to identify highly resistant plum varieties to late spring frosts as sources for breeding. The resistance of plum buds and flowers to spring frosts was determined in the field and by the method of artificial freezing using an Espec PSL-2KPH climatic chamber at a temperature of -1 C to -5 C. They took 100 flowers and buds of each variety in 3-fold repetition. The temperature of decrease and increase was 1 С per hour. The duration of freezing was 3 hours. After freezing the experimental material was kept for 24 hours in vessels with water until damage appeared. Under field conditions at -1.7 C, plum buds did not freeze. Representatives of Russian plum (Asaloda, Kuban comet) and Japanese plum (Skoroplodnaya, Souvenir of the East) were characterized by high frost resistance at a temperature of -4 C. The largest proportion of dead buds in them was 9.5%, flowers – 13.0%. In resistant varieties Stanley and Vetraz, the number of dead buds was 16.2 and 17.7%, flowers – 34.1 and 38.0%, respectively. The average level of frost resistance was shown by Orlovskaya Zvezda and Gek, in which the freezing of flowers varied from 60.7 to 78%, buds - from 33.1 to 37.3%. Russian plum varieties Asaloda, Kubanskaya cometa and Japanese plums Skoroplodnaya, Souvenir Vostoka are recommended as sources of high resistance to late spring frosts for breeding.
Keywords: Prunus domestica, Prunus salicina, Prunus × rossica Erem., late spring frosts, buds and flowers, resistance.
Author Details: Z. E. Ozherelieva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. O. Bolgova, post-graduate student, junior research fellow; A. A. Gulyaeva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Ozherelieva ZE, Bolgova AO, Gulyaeva AA. [Isolation of sources of high resistance of buds and flowers to late spring frosts for plum breeding]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(10):49-53. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_10_49.